Spartacus Actor

Spartacus Actor: A Beginner's Guide to Building a Headless Frontend

This guide provides a step-by-step walkthrough of creating a basic Spartacus Actor, a key component in building headless storefronts using SAP Commerce Cloud and the Spartacus JavaScript storefront. We’ll cover the necessary prerequisites, tools, and actionable steps to get you started. This guide assumes minimal prior experience with Spartacus and aims to be beginner-friendly.

What is a Spartacus Actor?

In the context of Spartacus, an Actor is a component that interacts directly with the SAP Commerce Cloud backend. It encapsulates the logic for fetching data, performing actions (like adding to cart or placing orders), and handling responses from the backend. Actors allow you to decouple the presentation layer (your UI components) from the data fetching and business logic, making your Spartacus application more modular and maintainable.

Prerequisites:

Before diving in, ensure you have the following:

• Node.js and npm (Node Package Manager): You'll need Node.js installed on your machine. You can download it from the official Node.js website: [https://nodejs.org/](https://nodejs.org/) . npm usually comes bundled with Node.js. Verify your installations by running `node -v` and `npm -v` in your terminal.
• Angular CLI (Command Line Interface): Spartacus is built on Angular, so you need the Angular CLI. Install it globally using: `npm install -g @angular/cli`. Verify the installation with `ng version`.
• A running SAP Commerce Cloud instance: You'll need access to a running SAP Commerce Cloud instance to connect your Spartacus application to. This instance should be configured with the necessary OCC (Omni Commerce Connect) APIs enabled.
• Basic understanding of Angular: Familiarity with Angular concepts like components, services, and dependency injection will be helpful.
• Text editor/IDE: Use your preferred text editor or IDE (e.g., VS Code, WebStorm). VS Code is highly recommended due to its excellent Angular support and extensions.

Tools:

• Terminal/Command Prompt: For running commands.
• Text Editor/IDE: For writing code.
• Browser Developer Tools: For debugging network requests and inspecting the application.

Step-by-Step Guide:

1. Create a New Spartacus Project:

First, let's create a new Spartacus project using the Angular CLI and the Spartacus schematics.

```bash
ng new my-spartacus-app --style=scss --routing=true
cd my-spartacus-app
ng add @spartacus/schematics --baseUrl=YOUR_BASE_URL --occPrefix=occ
```

* Replace `my-spartacus-app` with your desired project name.
* Replace `YOUR_BASE_URL` with the base URL of your SAP Commerce Cloud instance (e.g., `https://localhost:9002`).
* The `--occPrefix=occ` option specifies the prefix for OCC endpoints.

The `ng add` command will install the Spartacus libraries and configure your project. It will also ask you which Spartacus features you want to install (e.g., B2C, B2B). Choose the features relevant to your use case.

2. Create a New Actor Service:

Now, let's create a new Angular service that will act as our Actor. This service will be responsible for interacting with the SAP Commerce Cloud backend.

```bash
ng generate service my-actor
```

This command will generate a new service file `my-actor.service.ts` in the `src/app` directory.

3. Implement the Actor Service:

Open `src/app/my-actor.service.ts` and implement the logic for interacting with the backend. For this example, let's assume we want to fetch product details based on a product code.

```typescript
import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { HttpClient } from '@angular/common/http';
import { Observable } from 'rxjs';
import { OccEndpointsService } from '@spartacus/core';

@Injectable({
providedIn: 'root'
})
export class MyActorService {

constructor(
private http: HttpClient,
private occEndpointsService: OccEndpointsService
) { }

getProductDetails(productCode: string): Observable {
const endpoint = this.occEndpointsService.buildUrl('product', { productCode });
return this.http.get(endpoint);
}
}
```

* `@Injectable`: Marks the class as a service that can be injected into other components or services.
* `HttpClient`: Used to make HTTP requests to the backend.
* `OccEndpointsService`: Spartacus service that provides URLs for OCC endpoints based on configuration.
* `getProductDetails`: This method takes a `productCode` as input and uses the `OccEndpointsService` to build the URL for fetching product details. It then uses the `HttpClient` to make a GET request to the backend.

4. Configure the OCC Endpoint:

Spartacus uses OCC endpoints to communicate with the backend. You may need to configure the 'product' endpoint if it doesn't exist by default. Open `src/app/app.module.ts` (or a relevant module) and add the following configuration:

```typescript
import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';
import { BrowserModule } from '@angular/platform-browser';
import { SpartacusModule } from '@spartacus/schematics'; // Ensure this is imported
import { AppComponent } from './app.component';
import { HttpClientModule } from '@angular/common/http'; // Import HttpClientModule

@NgModule({
declarations: [
AppComponent
],
imports: [
BrowserModule,
HttpClientModule, // Add HttpClientModule to imports
SpartacusModule.forRoot({
occ: {
backend: {
occ: {
baseUrl: 'YOUR_BASE_URL',
prefix: '/occ/v2/'
}
},
endpoints: {
product: 'products/${productCode}' // Define the product endpoint
}
},
}),
],
providers: [],
bootstrap: [AppComponent]
})
export class AppModule { }
```

• Replace `YOUR_BASE_URL` with the base URL of your SAP Commerce Cloud instance.
• Ensure that `HttpClientModule` is imported and added to the `imports` array.

5. Use the Actor in a Component:

Now, let's create a component that uses our `MyActorService` to display product details.

```bash
ng generate component product-details
```

Open `src/app/product-details/product-details.component.ts` and implement the component logic:

```typescript
import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core';
import { MyActorService } from '../my-actor.service';
import { ActivatedRoute } from '@angular/router';

@Component({
selector: 'app-product-details',
templateUrl: './product-details.component.html',
styleUrls: ['./product-details.component.scss']
})
export class ProductDetailsComponent implements OnInit {

productDetails: any;
productCode: string;

constructor(
private myActorService: MyActorService,
private route: ActivatedRoute
) { }

ngOnInit(): void {
this.route.params.subscribe(params => {
this.productCode = params['productCode']; // Get product code from route
this.getProductDetails();
});
}

getProductDetails(): void {
this.myActorService.getProductDetails(this.productCode).subscribe(
data => {
this.productDetails = data;
},
error => {
console.error('Error fetching product details:', error);
}
);
}
}
```

* `ActivatedRoute`: Used to access route parameters (e.g., the product code in the URL).
* `ngOnInit`: Lifecycle hook that is called after the component is initialized. We subscribe to the route parameters to get the product code and then call the `getProductDetails` method.
* `getProductDetails`: Calls the `getProductDetails` method of the `MyActorService` and subscribes to the observable. The data is assigned to the `productDetails` property, which can then be used in the template.

6. Display Product Details in the Template:

Open `src/app/product-details/product-details.component.html` and display the product details:

```html

{{ productDetails.name }}

{{ productDetails.description }}

Price: {{ productDetails.price.formattedValue }}

Loading...

```

7. Add Routing:

Finally, configure the routing to navigate to the `ProductDetailsComponent` when a product code is provided in the URL. Update `src/app/app-routing.module.ts`:

```typescript
import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';
import { RouterModule, Routes } from '@angular/router';
import { ProductDetailsComponent } from './product-details/product-details.component';

const routes: Routes = [
{ path: 'product/:productCode', component: ProductDetailsComponent },
{ path: '', redirectTo: '/product/3007W', pathMatch: 'full' }, // Example redirect
];

@NgModule({
imports: [RouterModule.forRoot(routes)],
exports: [RouterModule]
})
export class AppRoutingModule { }
```

8. Run the Application:

Run the application using:

```bash
ng serve
```

Navigate to `http://localhost:4200/product/3007W` (or a different product code) in your browser. You should see the product details fetched from the SAP Commerce Cloud backend.

Troubleshooting Tips:

• CORS Issues: Ensure that CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing) is enabled on your SAP Commerce Cloud instance to allow requests from your Spartacus application.
• OCC Endpoint Configuration: Double-check that the OCC endpoints are correctly configured in your Spartacus application, especially the base URL and the endpoint paths.
• Network Errors: Use your browser's developer tools (Network tab) to inspect HTTP requests and responses. Look for errors and check the request and response headers.
• Authentication: If your SAP Commerce Cloud instance requires authentication, you'll need to implement authentication logic in your Actor. Spartacus provides services for handling authentication.
• Spartacus Documentation: The official Spartacus documentation is an excellent resource for troubleshooting and learning more about Spartacus concepts.

Summary:

This guide demonstrated how to create a basic Spartacus Actor to fetch product details from an SAP Commerce Cloud instance. By following these steps, you can create more complex Actors to interact with various backend services and build a fully functional headless storefront using Spartacus. Remember to consult the Spartacus documentation for more advanced features and configurations. This provides a solid foundation for developing robust and scalable Spartacus applications.

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